It is a rotary atomizing electrostatic painter (bell painter) ^*1 developed independently by Toyota, and is used to automatically paint the outer panel surfaces and change the colors. In 1966 Toyota introduced a bell painter powered by an electric motor that provided superior adhesion efficiency when used to apply the surfacer, but the machine could not apply the final coat. Quality inspections revealed that when the rotary atomizing method was employed, an increase in rotation speed improved atomization of the paint, resulting in smooth and uniform painting. Toyota adapted the high-speed rotation technology of automobile gas turbines to develop its first high-speed rotary atomizing electrostatic painter.^*2 That machine was first used for final coat painting in 1981. In 1987, Toyota developed a bell painting system with upgraded functions^*3 to improve the quality of body painting, and in 1991 introduced the world's first bell painter for metallic paint.^*4 Toyota itself produced the drive mechanism used in the bell painters.